As electric vehicles (EVs) surge in popularity, a key question for prospective owners is the lifespan of their batteries. For those considering making the switch to electric, understanding battery longevity is paramount. While the lifespan of an EV battery varies depending on the manufacturer, battery chemistry, and usage patterns, generally, you can expect modern EV batteries to last as long as, and often longer than, the engines in traditional gasoline-powered cars.
Understanding EV Batteries
Electric cars run on rechargeable lithium-ion batteries, known for their high energy density. This means they pack more power into a smaller space compared to older battery technologies like lead-acid batteries in combustion engines or nickel-cadmium batteries in some hybrid vehicles. This high energy density makes lithium-ion batteries ideal for powering electric vehicles efficiently.
The simplicity and efficiency of EVs, powered solely by batteries, stand in stark contrast to the complexities of internal combustion engine (ICE) vehicles. The remarkable 97% decrease in lithium-ion battery costs over the past three decades has fueled optimism among experts, who predict that EVs will soon reach price parity with their ICE counterparts in terms of production costs.
Factors Affecting EV Battery Degradation
Like all batteries, EV batteries experience degradation over time. The primary culprits are temperature, charge cycles, and calendar aging. Extreme temperatures, particularly heat, can accelerate battery degradation. Each charge cycle, from depletion during driving to replenishment when plugged in, contributes to gradual capacity loss. Even without use, EV batteries undergo “calendar degradation,” a natural decline in battery health simply due to the passage of time.
However, recent research from a two-year Stanford University study involving 92 lithium-ion batteries offers encouraging insights. The study revealed that real-world driving conditions, including stop-and-go traffic and periods of rest, actually lead to slower battery degradation compared to standardized laboratory tests. Contrary to previous assumptions, batteries performed better than expected during rapid, short bursts of acceleration.
Unlike smartphone or laptop batteries, EV batteries are equipped with sophisticated Battery Management Systems (BMS). These BMS meticulously control charging and discharging processes to maximize battery lifespan. This advanced management means that temperature fluctuations and calendar aging are more likely to impact your EV battery’s lifespan than simple usage cycles.
Expected Lifespan and Mileage of EV Batteries
So, how many miles can you realistically expect to get out of an EV battery? Fortunately, government regulations provide a baseline expectation. In the US, manufacturers are mandated to warranty EV batteries for a minimum of 8 years or 100,000 miles, whichever comes first. California, known for its stringent environmental standards, extends this warranty to 10 years or 150,000 miles.
The continuous advancements in battery technology are also playing a significant role in extending battery life and range. As manufacturing costs decrease, EV manufacturers can equip vehicles with larger battery packs, resulting in greater driving ranges. Furthermore, technological improvements are mitigating battery degradation, allowing newer batteries to maintain a higher percentage of their original capacity for longer. These advancements, combined with the Stanford study’s findings on real-world performance, suggest that manufacturers could further refine battery management software to optimize longevity based on actual driving habits.
The Stanford research highlights a crucial distinction: degradation from frequent charge-discharge cycles is more relevant for commercial EV fleets, while calendar aging is a more significant factor for private owners primarily using their EVs for daily commuting.
With newer EV batteries boasting significantly increased ranges, even with some degradation, they will still offer comparable or better range than older EV models. Another advantage of EV batteries is their modular design. Composed of numerous individual cells, complete battery replacements are rarely necessary. Instead, individual faulty cells can be replaced, offering a more cost-effective solution.
EV Battery Longevity vs. ICE Vehicles
The standard EV battery warranties (8 years/100,000 miles) already surpass the average powertrain warranty for ICE vehicles, which typically covers 5 years or 60,000 miles. The average lifespan mileage for a gasoline car is around 133,000 miles. EV batteries, on the other hand, degrade on average at a rate of only 2.3% of their maximum capacity annually. Coupled with the Stanford study’s findings suggesting up to 40% longer lifespans than initially anticipated, the average EV battery could potentially last for 280,000 miles or more. This is more than double the lifespan of a typical ICE vehicle engine, significantly enhancing the value proposition of electric vehicles.
Looking ahead, the future of EV battery longevity is even brighter. Manufacturers are pushing the boundaries of battery technology, with Tesla aiming for a groundbreaking million-mile battery and indicating they are close to achieving this ambitious goal.
Maximizing Your EV Battery Life
While EV batteries are inherently durable, EV owners can adopt certain practices to further extend their lifespan.
Adhere to Manufacturer Guidelines
Firstly, always consult your EV’s specific guidelines for optimal battery care and performance. Keep your vehicle’s software updated, as these updates often include battery management improvements. Given the variations in battery chemistries and cooling systems across different EV manufacturers, each will have unique recommendations for ideal operating and charging procedures.
Maintain Moderate Temperatures
EVs equipped with liquid-cooled batteries tend to exhibit better long-term battery health due to their ability to maintain lower operating temperatures. In general, parking and operating your EV in moderate climates is beneficial. Even in warmer regions, parking in garages or shaded areas can significantly mitigate heat exposure, especially considering vehicles spend a considerable amount of time parked.
Limit Rapid Charging
While occasional DC fast charging (DCFC) is convenient and acceptable, minimizing its frequency can contribute to reduced battery degradation over the long run. EV Connect offers a range of charging solutions to provide efficient charging options for various needs. Importantly, regular use of your EV is not a major detriment to battery health, so don’t hesitate to drive it!
The Second Life of EV Batteries
For environmentally conscious consumers, the potential “second life” of EV batteries is a compelling aspect of their sustainability. Even after battery capacity degrades to a point where it’s no longer optimal for vehicle propulsion (typically around 70% of original capacity), these batteries still retain considerable energy storage capacity. They can be repurposed for stationary energy storage applications, such as pairing with solar panels to provide backup power for homes or businesses. Some manufacturers are even actively involved in battery buyback or collection programs, repurposing used EV batteries for sustainable projects like powering sports arenas. This ensures that the sustainable benefits of EV technology extend far beyond the vehicle’s lifespan.
EV batteries are continuously evolving, becoming more affordable, offering greater driving ranges, and achieving longer lifespans. Experts are increasingly confident that EV batteries will outlast traditional ICE vehicle components, and ongoing technological advancements promise further improvements. The outlook is positive: your EV battery is designed to serve you reliably for many years, and even after its primary automotive use, it can contribute to a more sustainable future through recycling or repurposing.
Considering EV charging solutions? Connect with us today to explore your options.
Sources
Alternative Fuels Data Center – Alternative Fuels Data Center: Maps and Data
Geotab Fleet Data – What Can 6,000 Electric Vehicles Tell Us About EV Battery Health?
New Zealand Government “Gen Less” – EV Batteries and How Far They Can Go
Union of Concerned Scientists – How Long Will My EV Battery Last? (and 3 Tips To Help It Last Longer)
