While Car Exhaust fumes are a well-known source of pollution, emerging research indicates that they might not be the only, or even the primary, culprit. A study published in Particle and Fibre Toxicology reveals that dust from car brakes could be causing more harm to human health than car exhaust itself.
In this study, scientists investigated the impact of brake dust and diesel exhaust on human lung cells grown in a lab. The results were startling: brake dust inflicted greater damage to these cells compared to diesel exhaust. Interestingly, newer, asbestos-free brake pads were found to be more toxic than older pads that contained asbestos. Asbestos, despite its cancer risks, was used for its heat-resistant properties in older brake pads. Modern pads, while removing asbestos, incorporate high levels of copper. This copper content, when inhaled as brake dust, can exacerbate respiratory conditions like asthma. The researchers discovered that the harmful effects of copper in newer brake pads could be reduced by treating the brake dust with a copper-neutralizing chemical.
Regulations are starting to catch up with these findings. California and Washington state have already implemented legislation to limit copper usage in brake pads. However, brake dust pollution largely remains unregulated despite the growing evidence of its harmful effects. The study authors emphasize the urgent need for targeted legislation to address this public health concern.
Looking towards the future, the rise of electric vehicles (EVs) presents a potential solution. A key feature of many EVs is regenerative braking. This system transforms the car’s motor into a generator during deceleration, capturing energy and reducing reliance on traditional friction brakes. By minimizing the use of conventional brake pads, electric vehicles could significantly decrease brake dust pollution, offering a cleaner path forward.
